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Members Voluntary Liquidation (MVL)

As you know, not every business that closes down is insolvent. Some are very successful and are making a profit and have lots of assets but sometimes the directors and owners want to do something different in their careers and lives. 

A Members Voluntary Liquidation (MVL) is the preferred method to close a solvent company for several reasons. 

It’s efficient, orderly, effective and can release cash and assets relatively quickly. 

The full MVL process costs between £1,500 to £3,500 not including VAT and disbursements.

An accountants guide to an MVL

Like any other formal insolvency process, an MVL requires a licensed insolvency practitioner to act on the behalf of the directors and shareholders to oversee the procedure. 

MVLs were first introduced in 1986 as a straightforward legal means for a solvent company to be brought to an end and final distribution of assets to its shareholders but a relatively recent proliferation of “one person contractor” companies has seen the number of instances rise as contractors look to release cash in the most tax efficient way possible. 

If a company isn’t trading or will soon cease trading and has over £25,000 in assets to distribute to shareholders then using an MVL to close will bring tax advantages for shareholders. In the same way that an owner of a business selling their shares will be entitled to pay reduced dividends via Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) – formerly known as Entrepreneure’s Relief.

Suitability for an MVL

There are four main criteria that have to be met for a business to be deemed eligible for an MVL. These are:

  • Has it stopped trading, or is about to?
  • Did it carry out a deemed trading activity? (as opposed to non-trading such as investing?)
  • Did shareholders have possession of their shares for over 12 months?
  • Does the business have £25,000 of assets or more to distribute to shareholders?

The tax advantages of an MVL

Accountants will have a far clearer understanding and knowledge of tax rates but most simply an MVL allows shareholders to treat final distributions from a closing company as capital distributions as opposed to profits. 

Higher rate taxpayers would usually expect profits to be taxed at that rate but under the terms of an MVL (thanks to BADR), the same elements would be taxed at only 10%. 

There are other costs and factors that will need to be taken into account before seeing what actual savings might be made and obviously, they should consult their accountants.


Timeline of an MVL

Here is a summary of the various stages of an MVL that might be of interest to certain clients:

Initial Advice meeting – same day

This can take place on the same day as any initial inquiry or meeting and can take place online or over a conference call.  All board members should attend as an insolvency practitioner will go through the detail of the process and implications of entering into an MVL. 

If they choose to proceed then the Terms of Business will be sent across for them to review and sign. 

Finalising company affairs – one to 14 days to complete

Directors should now begin to finalise the company’s affairs before formally beginning the MVL process. This includes:

  • Raising any final invoices
  • Selling any tangible company assets that are not to be transferred in specie
  • Paying any outstanding creditors
  • Deregistering for VAT and PAYE and submitting any final returns
  • Prepare draft final accounts and corporation tax returns – final accounts and returns must be up-to-date on date of liquidation
  • Pay the estimated corporation tax balance

Instruction and the declaration of solvency – one to three days to complete

Once the company’s affairs have been finalised, the terms formally instructing the insolvency practitioners to liquidate the company should be agreed and the fee element paid.  

There will be further costs required to pay third parties within the MVL but these will only be paid once the business has entered the MVL. The declaration of solvency must be prepared at this point, setting out all remaining assets and liabilities and confirming that all debts can and will be paid within 12 months of the date of liquidation. 

This must be a sworn statement to a solicitor by all directors or if there are three or more, than by the majority. 

As this is a sworn statement, making any false declarations here would be regarded as a criminal offence.

Shareholders and directors meeting – same day to 21 days

Depending on the number of shareholders, the meeting to place the company into an MVL could be held virtually straight away. The threshold is usually 90% of shareholders actively engaged in the process.  Otherwise, between 14 and 21 days notice must be given depending on the age of the company.  

Once the meeting is completed the company can be placed into liquidation.

Post liquidation and distribution – three days to six months

Once the company is formally in an MVL, any remaining assets can be realised and distributed firstly to any remaining creditors and then to members. 

If members provide an indemnity, an early distribution can be made while creditor claims are finalised. However this is sometimes less practical where there is a significant number of shareholders.

Once all other outstanding issues have been dealt with and confirmation provided that pre-appointment HMRC returns and payments have been made, the case can be closed and the company officially dissolved three months afterwards.


Frequently Asked Questions about Members Voluntary Liquidations
Is it expensive to liquidate the company this way?

An MVL is less expensive than other types of liquidation and the full procedure can be completed for as little as between £1,500 to £3,500 plus VAT and disbursements.

How long will it take to liquidate the company by this method?

The MVL procedure is quite efficient and could be finalised within 10 days if every party is amenable.

If issues become complicated then the process could be finished in just over six months.

What has to be done before the business can be closed?

Directors should finalise the businesses affairs before a meeting with shareholders. This includes raising final invoices, selling assets that aren’t going to be transferred as part of the business, paying outstanding creditors, deregistering for VAT and PAYE, preparing draft final accounts and corporation tax returns and paying the estimated corporation tax balance.

How are shareholders informed?

Shareholders are informed of the declaration of solvency and invited to a meeting usually within two weeks of the decision to liquidate.

The older the company is, the longer has to be given for shareholders to attend, although if 90% of them are actively involved in the process then this can be accelerated.

What happens to the business’s assets after liquidation?

After the business is formally liquidated, any remaining assets can be realised and distributed to any remaining creditors and members.

Once this has been finalised and final clearance obtained from HMRC then the case is closed and the company formally dissolved three months afterwards.

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